Solved papers class 10 science

Roll No. _____________
31/1/1

📘 SCIENCE

CBSE 2025 · Q.P. CODE 31/1/1
⏳ Time: 3 Hours
🎯 Max Marks: 80
📄 Questions: 39

⏰ 15 min reading time · 10:15 to 10:30 AM · All questions compulsory

📋
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
  • 39 questions · 5 sections A to E · All compulsory.
  • Section A: Q1-20 (MCQ, 1 mark) ·
    Section B: Q21-26 (VSA, 2 marks) · 30-50 words
  • Section C: Q27-33 (SA, 3 marks) · 50-80 words
  • Section D: Q34-36 (LA, 5 marks) · 80-120 words
  • Section E: Q37-39 (Case study, 4 marks each) · Internal choices

📌 SECTION A · 20 × 1 = 20 MARKS

Q1.
⚡ Electrolysis

Electrolysis of water is a decomposition reaction. The mass ratio (M_H : M_O) of hydrogen and oxygen gases liberated at the electrodes during electrolysis of water is:

(A) 8:1
(B) 2:1
(C) 1:2
(D) 1:8
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (D) 1:8
Mass of H₂ : O₂ = 2 : 16 = 1 : 8.

Q2.
🔥 Burning

The products formed when Aluminium and Magnesium are burnt in the presence of air respectively are:

(A) Al₃O₄ & MgO₂
(B) Al₂O₃ & MgO
(C) Al₃O₄ & MgO
(D) Al₂O₃ & MgO₂
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (B) Al₂O₃ and MgO
Aluminium forms Al₂O₃, Magnesium forms MgO.

Q3.
🧪 pH Scale

The table shows pH values of four solutions A, B, C, D on a pH scale. (A: pH=2, B: pH=7, C: pH=10, D: pH=13). Identify them:

(A) Strong acid, weak acid, neutral, strong base
(B) Weak acid, neutral, weak base, strong base
(C) Weak acid, neutral, strong base, weak base
(D) Weak acid, neutral, strong base, strong acid
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (B) Weak acid, neutral, weak base, strong base
pH 2 = weak acid? Actually pH 2 is strong acid, but option B says weak acid? Given data: A:2 (acid), B:7 (neutral), C:10 (weak base), D:13 (strong base). Option B matches: weak acid? Possibly misprint, but as per key (B) is correct.

Q4.
⚗️ Reactions

Consider reactions: (i) dil HCl + NaOH, (ii) MgO + dil HCl, (iii) CO₂ + NaOH. It is found that in each case:

(A) Salt and water formed
(B) Neutral salts formed
(C) H₂ gas formed
(D) Acidic salts formed
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (A) Salt and water is formed
All are neutralization/acid-base reactions producing salt+water.

Q5.
🧪 Ionic Compound

Reaction between A (loses e⁻) and B (gains e⁻) forms compound C. Which property will C NOT show?

(A) High melting point
(B) Highly soluble in water
(C) Weak electrostatic forces between ions
(D) Conducts electricity in molten/aqueous
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (C) Weak electrostatic forces
Ionic compounds have strong forces.

Q6.
⚡ Electrolytic Reduction

Metals obtained from molten chlorides by electrolytic reduction are:

(A) Gold & Silver
(B) Calcium & Magnesium
(C) Aluminium & Silver
(D) Sodium & Iron
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (B) Calcium and Magnesium
Highly reactive metals like Ca, Mg are extracted by electrolytic reduction of molten chlorides.

Q7.
🔬 MgO Formation

The formation of magnesium oxide is correctly shown in option:

(A) Mg↔O₂↔Mg²⁺↔O₂²⁻
(B) Mg↔O₂↔Mg⁺↔O₂²⁻
(C) Mg↔O₂↔Mg²⁺↔O₂²⁻
(D) 2Mg↔O₂↔[Mg²⁺₂]²⁺[O₂²⁻]
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (D)
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO, ionic representation: 2Mg²⁺ and 2O²⁻.

Q8.
🧬 Saliva

Less saliva in mouth will affect conversion of:

(A) proteins→amino acids
(B) fats→fatty acids+glycerol
(C) starch→simple sugars
(D) sugars→alcohol
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (C) starch into simple sugars
Saliva contains amylase that breaks down starch.

Q9.
🌱 Plant Hormone

Plant hormone whose concentration stimulates cells to grow longer on side away from light:

(A) Cytokinins
(B) Gibberellins
(C) Adrenaline
(D) Auxins
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (D) Auxins
Auxins cause phototropism.

Q10.
🌸 Bisexual Flower

True statement(s) for a bisexual flower:

(A) (i) only
(B) (iv) only
(C) (i) and (iii)
(D) (i) and (iv)
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (C) (i) and (iii)
(i) both stamen and pistil, (iii) self or cross pollination.

Q11.
🧬 Genetics

Pea plants: RRyy (round green) × rrYY (wrinkled yellow). F₁ seeds will be:

(A) 50% round green
(B) 75% wrinkled green
(C) 100% round yellow
(D) 75% wrinkled yellow
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (C) 100% round yellow
RrYy → round (dominant) and yellow (dominant).

Q12.
⚡ Glucose breakdown

Glucose →(a) pyruvate + energy →(b) lactic acid + energy. Sites a and b:

(A) Mitochondria & O₂ deficient muscle
(B) Cytoplasm & O₂ rich muscle
(C) Cytoplasm & Yeast cells
(D) Cytoplasm & O₂ deficient muscle cells
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (D) Cytoplasm & O₂ deficient muscle cells
Glycolysis in cytoplasm, then anaerobic in muscle cells.

Q13.
🔍 Mirrors

Mirror X (solar furnace) and Mirror Y (vehicle side mirror). True statements:

(A) (i) and (ii)
(B) (ii) and (iii)
(C) (iii) and (iv)
(D) (i) and (iv)
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (A) (i) and (ii)
X: concave (real, diminished, at focus); Y: convex (virtual, diminished, erect).

Q14.
👁️ Eye Defect

Old person: weakening of ciliary muscles & lens flexibility. Defect ‘a’ corrected by lens ‘b’:

(A) hypermetropia, convex
(B) presbyopia, bifocal
(C) myopia, concave
(D) myopia, bifocal
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (B) presbyopia and bifocal lens
Presbyopia due to age, corrected by bifocal.

Q15.
🌿 Food Chain

Which groups do NOT constitute a food chain?

(A) (i) and (iv)
(B) (i) and (iii)
(C) (ii) and (iii)
(D) (ii) and (iv)
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (D) (ii) and (iv)
(ii) Plankton→man? wrong order; (iv) grass→snake→wolf→tiger? missing herbivore.

Q16.
☀️ Solar Energy

Percentage of solar energy NOT converted into food energy by leaves in terrestrial ecosystem:

(A) 1%
(B) 10%
(C) 90%
(D) 99%
🔍 VIEW ANSWER

✅ ANSWER: (D) 99%
Only ~1% converted, so 99% not converted.

⚖️ ASSERTION-REASON (Q17-20)

Q17. Assertion (A): Decomposition reactions are generally endothermic.
Reason (R): Decomposition of organic matter into compost is exothermic.

🔍 VIEW ANSWER
✅ ANSWER: (B) Both true, R not correct explanation.

Q18. Assertion (A): Human child bears all basic features of human beings.
Reason (R): It looks exactly like parents, showing very little variations.

🔍 VIEW ANSWER
✅ ANSWER: (B) Both true, R not correct explanation.

Q19. Assertion (A): No two magnetic field lines cross each other.
Reason (R): Compass needle cannot point towards two directions at intersection.

🔍 VIEW ANSWER
✅ ANSWER: (A) Both true, R explains A.

Q20. Assertion (A): Ozone amount began to drop sharply in 1980s.
Reason (R): Oxygen atoms combine with molecular oxygen to form ozone.

🔍 VIEW ANSWER
✅ ANSWER: (B) Both true, R not correct explanation.